Before Writing: Epigraphic Classification of the Bosnian Pyramid Inscriptions in Comparative Context with Vinča and Runic Traditions

Abstract

This paper presents the first systematic classification of symbolic inscriptions discovered at the Bosnian Pyramid Complex, particularly in the Ravne tunnel system. Through detailed documentation of 18 figures including epigraphic photographs, archaeological illustrations and comparative charts this study establishes the basis for identifying a potentially independent symbolic system, herein referred to as the 'Visoko Proto-Script'. The analysis draws comparative parallels to known prehistoric symbol systems such as the Vinča civilization of Southeastern Europe and early Runic traditions found in Northern and Central Europe. Several key glyph forms such as chevrons, tridents, vertical strokes and branching symbols demonstrate formal and functional similarities across cultural contexts. The findings support the hypothesis that these inscriptions were not merely decorative, but symbolic in nature. While some interpretations suggest possible ritual or energetic functions, these remain tentative and require further empirical investigation. This research contributes to the broader discourse on pre-alphabetic writing, cultural continuity in symbolic systems and the role of sacred geometry in prehistoric epigraphy.

Abbreviations: BCE: Before Common Era; BP: Before Present; EM: Electromagnetic; IRB: Institutional Review Board; GPS: Global Positioning System; LiDAR: Light Detection and Ranging; K1: Designation for the main engraved megalithic block in Ravne tunnels; RPQ: Radiometric Provenance Quality (if used in your data processing); AI: Artificial Intelligence; AAIET: Journal of Advanced Artificial Intelligence, Engineering and Technology; AAR: Archaeological Artifact Record (if referenced for cataloging); VPS: Visoko Proto-Script